6 In fact, taking into consideration the circulating tumor components in blood vessels and body fluids – known as the tumor circulome 7 – liquid biopsy aims to provide significant information about tumor dynamism, managing in many cases to anticipate the still-in-use prognostic and diagnostic approaches, 8 always in association with the common investigation techniques in oncology.Įxosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles (EV), 30–150 nm in diameter, with an essential role as mediators of both physiological and pathological processes, including cancer, 9 neurodegenerative diseases, 10 and cardiovascular disease. 5Ī large contribution in the analysis of tumor heterogeneity, mostly considering the neoplasm in its continuous molecular evolution, is currently provided by the liquid biopsy. 2 In addition to invasiveness, which in some cases can cause negative implications from a clinical point of view, 3,4 one of the major problems, and above all relating to small tumor masses, lies precisely in the impossibility, for tissue biopsy, to provide a wide assessment of tumor heterogeneity. 1 Even though tissue biopsies represent a truthful tool in cancer detection and, despite the successes that this technique has accumulated over the years it remains very invasive and risky for the patient. The common approach in oncology diagnosis is currently represented by tissue biopsy, which over time has managed to earn the title of “gold standard” for microscopic and macroscopic examination of tumor tissues together with radio imaging-based investigations. The identification of specific markers and their subsequent association with exosome subtypes, together with the possibility to engineer target-guided exosome-like particles, could represent the key for the effective adoption of exosomes in clinical practice. The designed strategy could be immediately translated into any disease in which exosomes are involved. We present an innovative approach allowing the identification, isolation, and molecular characterization of disease-related exosomes based on their different antigenic reactivities. E-mail: h Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy i Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy j IOR, Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
E-mail: b Genetics Units, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy c Hematology Unit, Annunziata Hospital, Cosenza, Italy d CNR/Nanotec, Physics Department, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy e IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy f Schaefer SEE srl, Via Luigi Einaudi 23, Rovigo, RO, Italy g Health Center, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy.
Iaccino §* a a Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia of Catanzaro”, Catanzaro, Italy. Nanoscale, 2022, 14, 2998-3003 A novel phage display based platform for exosome diversity characterization †
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